Letters
| Runic | Latin | Meaning | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ᚠ | ᚠᛖᚩᚻ | f | feoh | fee |
| ᚢ | ᚢᚱ | u | ur | ox |
| ᚦ | ᚦᚩᚱᚾ | th | thorn | thunder |
| ᚩ | ᚩᛋ | o | os | god |
| ᚱ | ᚱᚪᛞ | r | rad | ride |
| ᚳ | ᚳᛖᚾ | c | cen | ulcer, torch |
| ᚷ | ᚷᚣᚠᚢ | g | gyfu | gift |
| ᚹ | ᚹᛖᚾ | w | wen | well-being |
| ᚻ, ᚺ | ᚻᚫᚷᛚ | h | hægl | hail-rain |
| ᚾ | ᚾᚣᛞ | n | nyd | need |
| ᛁ | ᛁᛋ | i | is | ice |
| ᛡ, ᛄ | ᚷᚫᚱ | j | gær | year |
| ᛇ | ᛇᚻ | ï | ïh | yew |
| ᛈ | ᛈᛖᚩᚱᚦ | p | peorth | pear |
| ᛉ | ᛇᛚᚻᛉ | x | ïlhx | elks |
| ᛋ, ᚴ | ᛋᛁᚷᛖᛚ | s | sigel | sun |
| ᛏ | ᛏᚣᚱ | t | tyr | Tyr |
| ᛒ | ᛒᛇᚱᚳ | b | bïrc | birch |
| ᛖ | ᛖᚷ | e | eh | horse |
| ᛗ | ᛗᚪᚾ | m | man | man |
| ᛚ | ᛚᚪᚷᚢ | l | lagu | lake |
| ᛝ | ᛁᛝ | ng | ing | — |
| ᛟ | ᛖᚦᛖᛚ | œ | ethel | inherit |
| ᛞ | ᛞᚫᚷ | d | dæg | day |
| ᚪ | ᚪᚳ | a | ac | oak |
| ᚫ | ᚫᛋᚳ | æ | æsc | ash |
| ᛠ | ᛠᚱ | ea | ear | grave |
| ᚣ | ᚣᚱ | y | yr | — |
Pronunciation
| Letter | Sound |
|---|---|
| ᚠ | f, v |
| ᚢ, ᚹ | ú |
| ᚦ | þ, ð |
| ᚩ | ó |
| ᚱ | r |
| ᚳ | c |
| ᚷ | g |
| ᚻ, ᚺ | h |
| ᚾ | n |
| ᛁ, ᛡ, ᛄ, ᚣ | í |
| ᛇ | íú |
| ᛈ | p |
| ᛉ | cs |
| ᛋ, ᚴ | s |
| ᛋᚳ, ᚴᚳ | sh |
| ᛏ | t |
| ᛒ | b |
| ᛖ | e |
| ᛗ | m |
| ᛚ | l |
| ᛝ | ng |
| ᛟ | óe |
| ᛞ | d |
| ᚪ | á |
| ᚫ | áí |
| ᛠ | eíá |
Whether ᚦ is þ or ð, & ᚠ is f or v, traditionally depends on whether they are at the beginning of a word, where they’re pronounced þ & f, or in the middle (or end sometimes) of a word, where they’re pronounced ð & v. Take, for example, leaf, which ends with f, & leaves (previously spelled leafes) where the f is said—& written—as v.