Politics

Republic

• Emperor (aútocrátōr)
  • Empress (autocratórissa)
  • King (basileús)
  • Queen (basílissa)
  • Lord (cýrios)
  • Lady (cyría)
  • Augustus (aúgustos, sebastós)
  • Augusta (augústa, sebastḗ)
  • Porphyrogenitus (porphyrogénnētos)
  • Porphyrogenita (porphyrogénnētē)
• Senate (sýnclētos, gerusía, bulḗ)
  • Master (despótēs)
  • Mistress (déspœna)
  • Cæsar (cæ̂sar)
  • Cæsarina (cæsárissa)
  • Nobilissimus (nōbelíssimos)
  • Palace Curator (curopalátēs)
  • Cup-bearer (pincérnēs)
  • Dignitaries (axíæ)
    • President (próedros)
    • Magister (mágistos)
    • Vestarch (bestárchēs)
    • Vestes (béstēs)
    • Proconsul (anthýpatos)
    • Patrician (patrícios)
    • First Sword-bearer (prōtospathários)
    • Doorkeeper (ostiáros)
    • Chamberlain (cubiculários)
    • Sword-bearer (spathários)
    • Consul (hýpatos)
    • Groom (strátōr)
    • Silencer (silentiários)
    • Magister Militum (stratēlátēs)
    • Basin-bearer (nipsistiários)
    • Authority (exusiastḗs)
  • Prætorian Prefect (hýparchos tō̂n prætōríōn)
  • First Secretary (prōtasēcrē̂tis)
  • First Notary (prōtonotários)
  • Chancellor (logothétēs, mesázōn)
  • Prefect (éparchos)
  • Tribune (triburnos)
  • Prætor (prǽtōr)
  • Governor (cephalḗ)
  • Ruler (árchōn)
• Army (stratós)
  • Exarch (éxarchos)
  • Grand Domestic (mégas domésticos)
  • School Domestic (domésticos tō̂n scholō̂n)
  • Provincial Domestic (domésticos tō̂n thématos)
  • Captain (catepánō)
  • General (stratēgétēs)
  • Squad Commander (turmárchēs)
  • First Groom (prōtostrátōr)
  • Camp Commander (stratopedárchēs)
  • Infantry Commander (hoplítárchēs)
  • Centurion (céntarchos)
  • Divisional Commander (merárchēs)
  • Brigadier (chilíarchēs, taxíarchēs)
  • Deputy (topotērētḗs)
• Navy (polemicó nauticó)
  • Duke (dúx)
  • Admiral (amirales)
  • Drungary (drungários)
  • Count (cómēs)
  • Naval Commander (naúarchos)

The emperor is elected by the army & voted in by the senate, & thus hailed as Augustus. The emperor would appoint his heir as co-emperor, so this is only really done when there is no emperor, or when someone seeks to usurp imperial power.

The emperor is the living law (nómos émpsychos) & penultimate benefactor (euergétis), caretaker (philanthrōpía), & savior (sōtḗr) of his subjects (párœcos). The entire state & all that which is found in it is his household (œcuménē), & he is the house-lawmaker (œconómos). His subjects are able to own land or industry, trade, & otherwise do anything else in the empire by virtue of their emperor’s authority. So it is impossible to, e.g., bribe him, because he owns all of the currency—bearing either his name & face, or that of his father—which he can then take at will.

The senate is seated by some thousand members, all of which are dignitaries &/or administrators. To be in the senate is to be, & have one’s relatives by extension be, noble—i.e. not plebeian.

The empire is composed of diœceses (diœ́cēsis), which in turn are composed of provinces (eparchía, or théma). Provinces are jurisdictions of & around cities, ruled by the governor. The prefect, or duke, or captain, then rules over the governors. Of course, the emperor rules over the prefects.

Many western states, such as Russia, were originally structured not unlike a lesser Roman principality. So their princes or kings were never elected but, rather, like the senate, followed the order & precedence of noble houses.

Dynasties

This list begins with Nabuchodonosor, who conquered Ægypt, & succeeded the first antediluvian king, Nebrod.

It needs be said here: According to some Christians, Nebrod—who founded Babylon, Orech (Orcha, now called Iraq), Archad (Agade), & Chalanne (Ctesiphon) in Senaar—refused to take part in the building of the tower at Babel, & so fled to the cities of Assur, e.g. Nineve &c.

Assyrians

Chaldæan

• Nabuchodonosor (4931 AM)
• Evilmerodach (4936 AM)
• Baltasar (Nerigolosor) (4942 AM)

Non-dynastic:

• Darius the Mede (Astyages) (4959 AM)

Persians

Achæmenid

• Cyrus (4992 AM)
• Cambyses (5000 AM)
• Darius (son of Hystapses) (5037 AM)
• Xerxes (5057 AM)
• Artabanus (5057 AM)
• Artaxerxes Longimanus (5099 AM)
• Xerxes (son of Artaxerxes) (5099 AM)
• Sogdianus (5099 AM)
• Darius Nothus (5119 AM)
• Artaxerxes Mnemon (Arsaces) (5159 AM)
• Ochus (5164 AM)
• Arses (5168 AM)
• Darius (son of Aramus) (5174 AM)

The later Parthians began with Arsaces (5442 AM), descendent of Artaxerxes Mnemon, & ended with Artabanus (5733 AM), when he fell to the Persian Artaxares, son of Sasanus.

The later Persians, also called the Sasanians, began with Artaxares (5756 AM), son of Sasanus, & ended with Hormisdas (6782 AM), when he fell to the Hagarene Umar.

Greeks

Alexandian

• Alexander the Great (5177 AM)
• Ptolemy (son of Lagus) (5220 AM)
• Ptolemy Philadelphus (5258 AM)
• Ptolemy Evergetes (5282 AM)
• Ptolemy Philopator (5299 AM)
• Ptolemy Epiphanes (5323 AM)
• Ptolemy Philometor (5358 AM)
• Ptolemy Evergetes (5386 AM)
• Ptolemy Phuscon Soter (5404 AM)
• Ptolemy Alexander (5411 AM)
• Ptolemy Dionysus (5455 AM)
• Cleopatra (5481 AM)

As for the other partitions of Alexander’s kingdom:

The Macedonian dynasty began with Arrhidæus (5187 AM), & ended with Perseus (5342 AM), when he fell to the Roman Æmilius.

The Asian dynasty began with Antigonus (5198 AM), & ended with Demetrius Poliorcetes (5208 AM), when he fell to Seleucus Nicanor.

The Antiochian dynasty, also called the Seleucians, began with Seleucus Nicanor (5204 AM), & ended with Antiochus Cyzicenus (5406 AM), when he fell to the Roman Pompey.

Romans

Julian

• Cæsar Augustus (5524 AM)
• Tiberius (5546 AM)
• Gaius Caligula (5549 AM)
• Claudius (5562 AM)
• Nero (5575 AM)

Flavian

• Vespasian (5585 AM)
• Titus (5586 AM)
• Domitian (5597 AM)

Nervan

• Nerva (5598 AM)
• Trajan (5616 AM)
• Ælius Hadrian (5639 AM)
• Titus Antoninus Pius (5662 AM)
• Marcus Aurelius Verus (5681 AM)
• Commodus (5694 AM)

Non-dynastic:

• Helvius Pertinax (5694 AM)

Severan

• Severus (5712 AM)
• Antoninus Caracalla (5718 AM)
• Macrinus (5719 AM)
• Aurelius Antoninus (5723 AM)
• Alexander (son of Mamæa) (5737 AM)

Non-dynastic:

• Maximinus (5746 AM)
• Gordian (5752 AM)
• Philip (†5759 AM)
• Decius (5761 AM)
• Gallus (5764 AM)
• Valerian (5779 AM)
• Claudius (Gothicus) (5780 AM)
• Aurelian (5786 AM)
• Tacitus (5786 AM)
• Florian (5786 AM)
• Probus (5792 AM)
• Carus (5794 AM)
• Diocletian (5814 AM)
• Galerius (Maximianus Jovius) (5816 AM)

Constantinian

• St. Constantine the Great (†5846 AM)
• Constantius (†5870 AM)

Non-dynastic:

• Jovian (†5872 AM)

Only the gentiles remember Julian the Apostate (5871 AM) as an emperor. Christians omit his name.

Valentinian

• Valentinian the Great (†5873 AM)
• Valens (†5886 AM)
• Gratian (†5887 AM)
• Valentinian (†5900 AM)

Theodosian

• St. Theodosius the Great (†5903 AM)
• Arcadius (†5916 AM)
• Honorius (†5931 AM)
• St. Theodosius the Younger (†5958 AM)
• St. Plucheria (†5961 AM)
• St. Marcian (†5965 AM)

Leonid

• St. Leo the Great (†5982 AM)
• Leo the Younger (†5983 AM)
• Zeno (†5999 AM)
• Basiliscus (†5984 AM)
• Anastasius Dicorus (†6026 AM)

Justinian

• Justin the Thracian (†6035 AM)
• St. Justinian the Great (†6074 AM)
• Justin (†6087 AM)
• Tiberius Constantine (†6090 AM)
• Maurice (†6111 AM)
• Theodosius (†6111 AM)

Non-dynastic:

• Phocas (†6119 AM)

Heraclian

• Heraclius (†6149 AM)
• Heraclius Constantine (†6149 AM)
• Heraclonas (†6150 AM)
• Constans the Bearded (†6176 AM)
• St. Constantine the New (†6193 AM)
• Justinian Rhinotmetus (†6220 AM)

Non-dynastic:

• Leontius (†6206 AM)
• Tiberius Apsimar (†6213 AM)
• Philippicus Bardanes (†6221 AM)
• Anastasius (†6223 AM)
• Theodosius (†6225 AM)

Syrian

• Leo the Syrian (†6249 AM)
• Constantine Copronymus (†6284 AM)
• Artabasdus Iconophilus (†6252 AM)
• Leo the Chazar (†6289 AM)
• Constantine the Blinded (†6305 AM)
• Irene of Athens (†6312 AM)

Nicephorian

• Nicephorus the General (†6319 AM)
• Stavracius (†6320 AM)
• Michael Rangabe (†6321 AM)

Non-dynastic:

• Leo the Armenian (†6329 AM)

Phrygian

• Michael the Stammerer (†6337 AM)
• Theophilus (†6350 AM)
• St. Theodora the Restorer of Orthodoxy (†6364 AM)
• Michael the Drunkard (†6375 AM)

Macedonian

• Basil the Macedonian (†6394 AM)
• Leo the Wise (†6420 AM)
• Alexander (†6421 AM)
• Romanus Lecapenus (†6457 AM)
• Christopher Lecapenus (†6440 AM)
• Constantine Lecapenus (†6457 AM)
• Stephen Lecapenus (†6472 AM)
• Constantine Porphyrogenitus (†6468 AM)
• Romanus II (†6471 AM)
• St. Nicephorus Phocas (†6478 AM)
• John Tzimisces (†6484 AM)
• Basil the Bulgar-slayer (†6534 AM)
• Constantine VIII (†6537 AM)
• Zoë Porphyrogenita (†6559 AM)
• Romanus Argyrus (†6542 AM)
• Michael the Paphlagonian (†6550 AM)
• Michael the Caulker (†6550 AM)
• Theodora Porphyrogenita (†6564 AM)
• Constantine Monomachus (†6563 AM)

Non-dynastic:

• Michael Bringas the General (†6567 AM)
• Isaac Comnenus (†6569 AM)

Dukid

• Constantine Ducas (†6575 AM)
• Eudocia Macrembolitissa (†6576 AM)
• Michael Ducas (†6598 AM)
• Romanus Diogenes (†6580 AM)
• Nicephorus Botaniates (†6589 AM)

Comnenian

• Alexius I Comnenus (†6627 AM)
• John the Good (†6651 AM)
• Manuel the Great (†6689 AM)
• Alexius II Comnenus (†6692 AM)
• Andronicus Comnenus (†6694 AM)

Angelian

• Isaac Angelus (†6712 AM)
• Alexius III Angelus (†6719 AM)
• Alexius IV Angelus (†6712 AM)
• Alexius Angelus Murtzuphlus (†6712 AM)

Lascarian

• Theodore I Lascaris (†6731 AM)
• St. John Ducas Batatzes (†6763 AM)
• Theodore II Lascaris (†6767 AM)
• John Lascaris (†6814 AM)

Palæologan

• Michael VIII Palæologus (†6791 AM)
• Michael IX Palæologus (†6829 AM)
• Andronicus Palæologus the Elder (†6840 AM)
• Andronicus Palæologus the Younger (†6899 AM)
• John V Palæologus (†6899 AM)
• John Cantacuzenus (Josaphat) (†6892 AM)
• Andronicus IV Palæologus (†6893 AM)
• John VII Palæologus (†6917 AM)
• Manuel Palæologus (Matthew) (†6933 AM)
• John VIII Palæologus (†6957 AM)
• Constantine Dragases Palæologus (†6961 AM)

The last place the Palæologan state ruled after the fall of Constantinople was a principality in Mangup, Taurica, also called Crimea—but then called Theodoro & Gotthia. It was a remnant of the despotat of Trapezunt, which in turn was under a branch of the Comnenian dynasty. The last ruler of Trapezunt was St. David Comnenus (†6972 AM). The last ruler of Theodoro was an Alexander Palæologus, son of an Isaac Palæologus (†6984 AM).

Russian

Rurikid

• John the Great (†7014 AM)
• Basil (Barlaam) (†7042 AM)
• John the Terrible (†7092 AM)
• Theodore the Blessed (†7106 AM)
• Irene (Alexandra) (†7111 AM)

Non-dynastic:

• Boris Godunov (Bogolep) (†7114 AM)
• Theodore Godunov (†7114 AM)
• Basil Šuisky (†7121 AM)

Romanov

• Michael Romanov (†7153 AM)
• Alexis Romanov (†7184 AM)
• Theodore III Romanov (†71910 AM)
• John V Romanov (†7204 AM)
• Peter I Romanov (†7233 AM)
• Catherine I Romanov (†7235 AM)
• Peter II Romanov (†7238 AM)
• Anna Romanov (†7248 AM)
• John VI Antonovič (†7272 AM)
• Elizabeth Romanov (†7270 AM)
• Peter III Romanov (†7270 AM)
• Catherine II Romanov (†7305 AM)
• Paul Romanov (†7309 AM)
• Alexander I Romanov (†7334 AM)
• Nicholas I Romanov (†7363 AM)
• Alexander II Romanov (†7389 AM)
• Alexander III Romanov (†7403 AM)
• St. Nicholas Romanov the Passion-bearer (†7426 AM)

It needs be mentioned that John the Terrible was not the first of Moscow to take the name emperor, but only the first explicitly crowned so. John the Great took the name emperor when he married Sophia Palæologue—daughter of Thomas Palæologus, brother of Constantine Dragases Palæologus. A prior prince of Moscow, St. Vladimir the Great, married Anna, daughter of Romanus II. Thus, according to Christians, Moscow is the rightful heir to the mantle (chlamýs) of St. Constantine. This is symbolized by the crown of Monomakh’, which was gifted to St. Vladimir Monomakh’ by Constantine Monomachus when the former married a relative of the latter. It was Emperor Basil (Barlaam in monasticism) who was told by Philotheus of Pskov (†7051 AM):

Two Romes have fallen. The third stands. And there will not be a fourth. No one will replace your Christian empire!

Nations

The nation (éthnos), also called race, is a union of tribes (phylḗ), also called stock, which in turn is of families (génos), also called clans.

This union is properly & strictly of language (glō̂ssa). The union of stock may be be of ancestry. But bodily features & culture are accidental to nationality & tribe.

Sem

Arphaxad

Jectan

Aram

Cham

Chus

Rhegma

Mesraïn

Chanaan

Japheth

Gamer

Jovan

• 🇮🇶 Syriacs
  • So-called, properly named the Aramæans.
  • Absorbed the Assyrians of 🇮🇶 Iraq.
    • Also called the Syrians, Mesopotamians, & Babylonians.
    • Included the Samaritans of 🇯🇴 Palestine.
  • Absorbed the Chaldæans 🇮🇶 Iraq.
    • Also called the Babylonians.
  • Absorbed the Phœnecians of 🇸🇾 Syria.
    • Also called the Sidonians.
    • Included the Athenians of 🇬🇷 Greece.
    • Included the Thebans of 🇬🇷 Greece.
      • Also called the Saïtes.
• 🇸🇾 Syrians
  • So-called, properly named the Saracens & Hagarenes.
  • Includes the 🇱🇧 Lebanese.
  • Includes the 🇯🇴 Jordanians.
  • Includes the so-called 🇵🇸 Palestinians.
  • Included the Hebrews of 🇯🇴 Palestine.
• 🇪🇬 Ægyptians
  • So-called, properly named the Saracens & Hagarenes.
  • Absorbed the Copts of 🇪🇬 Ægypt.
    • Also called the Ægyptians.
• 🇮🇶 Iraqis
  • So-called, properly named the Saracens & Hagarenes.
• 🇸🇦 Arabians
  • So-called, properly named the Saracens & Hagarenes.
  • Includes the 🇰🇼 Kuwaitis.
  • Includes the 🇧🇭 Bahrainis.
  • Includes the 🇶🇦 Qataris.
  • Includes the 🇦🇪 Emiratis.
  • Includes the 🇴🇲 Omanis.
  • Includes the 🇾🇪 Yemenis.
• 🇩🇿 Algerians
  • Also called the Saracens & Hagarenes.
  • Includes the 🇱🇾 Libyans.
  • Includes the 🇸🇩 Sudanese.
  • Includes the 🇹🇩 Chadians.
  • Includes the so-called 🇹🇳 Tunisians.
  • Includes the 🇲🇷 Mauritanians.
  • Includes the 🇪🇭 Western Saharans.
  • Includes the 🇲🇹 Maltese.
• 🇮🇳 Indians
  • Some say are rather from Jectan.
  • Absorbed the Baluchis of 🇵🇰 Pakistan.
    • Also called Gedrosians & Ichthyophagi.
  • Includes the 🇵🇰 Pakistanis.
• 🇮🇷 Iranians
  • So-called the Persians, & also called the Parthians.
  • Absorbed the Persians of 🇮🇷 Iran.
    • Also called the Ælamites.
  • Absorbed the Susianians of 🇮🇷 Iran.
  • Absorbed the Carmanians of 🇮🇷 Iran.
  • Absorbed the Scythians of 🇮🇷 Iran.
  • Absorbed the Hyrcanians of 🇮🇷 Iran.
  • Absorbed the Medes of 🇮🇷 Iran.
  • Includes the 🇹🇯 Tajiks.
• 🇦🇫 Afghanis
  • Absorbed the Bactrians of 🇦🇫 Afghanistan.
    • Some say were rather from Gater.
• 🇧🇩 Bengalis
  • Also called the Gangaridæ.
  • Includes the 🇳🇵 Nepalese.
  • Included the Brachmins of 🇮🇳 India.
    • Also called the Gymnosophists.
• 🇪🇹 Æthiopians
  • Also called the Chusites.
  • Includes the 🇪🇷 Eriteans.
• 🇲🇦 Moroccans
  • Also called the Berbers, Moors, & Numidians.
  • Included the Troglodytes of 🇪🇹 Æthiopia.
• 🇫🇮 Finnish
  • Also called the Karelians, Tavastians, & Æsti.
  • Includes the 🇪🇪 Estonians.
• 🇭🇺 Hungarians
  • Also called the Magyars.
• 🇹🇷 Turks
  • Also called the Pečenegs, Avars, Huns, Massagetæ, Scythians, Cimrbi, & Cimmerians.
  • Included the Cappadocians of 🇹🇷 Turkey.
    • Some say were rather from Mosoch, of Jovan.
  • Included the Bulgars of 🇧🇬 Bulgaria.
  • Includes the 🇦🇿 Azerbaijanis.
  • Includes the 🇹🇲 Turkmen.
  • Includes the 🇰🇿 Kazakhs.
  • Includes the 🇰🇬 Kyrgyz.
  • Included the Chazars of 🇷🇺 Russia.
  • Includes the Tartars of 🇷🇺 Russia.
  • Included the Siberians of 🇷🇺 Russia.
  • Includes the 🇺🇿 Uzbeks.
  • Includes the Uyghurs of 🇨🇳 China.
• 🇲🇳 Mongols
  • Also called the Turks.
• 🇨🇳 Chinese
  • Also called the Sinæ, Seres, & Serians.
  • Includes the 🇲🇲 Burmese.
  • Includes the 🇧🇹 Bhutanese.
• 🇰🇵 Koreans
  • Also called the Mucri.
  • Includes the 🇰🇷 South Koreans.
• 🇩🇪 Germans
  • So-called, properly named the Alamanni, Suebi, Istævones, Germans, & so-called the Sarmatians.
  • Includes the 🇦🇹 Austrians.
  • Includes the 🇨🇭 Swiss.
  • Includes the 🇱🇮 Liechtensteiners.
• 🇳🇱 Dutch
  • Also called the Hollanders, Teutons, Ingvæones, Germans, & so-called the Sarmatians.
  • Includes the 🇧🇪 Belgians.
• 🇬🇧 English
  • Also called the Saxons, Teutons, Ingvæones, Germans, & so-called the Sarmatians.
  • Includes the 🇺🇸 Americans.
  • Includes the 🇨🇦 Canadians.
  • Includes the 🇦🇺 Australians.
  • Includes the 🇳🇿 New Zealanders.
• 🇸🇪 Swedes
  • Also called the Teutons, Ingvæones, Germans, & so-called the Sarmatians.
  • Includes the 🇳🇴 Norwegians.
  • Includes the 🇩🇰 Danes.
  • Included the Goths of 🇷🇴 Romania.
    • Also co-called the Getans.
    • Some say were rather from Magog.
    • Included the Osteogoths of 🇮🇹 Italy.
    • Included the Visigoths of 🇪🇸 Spain.
• 🇱🇹 Lithuanians
  • Also called the Prussians, Suebi, Istævones, Germans, & so-called the Sarmatians.
  • Includes the 🇱🇻 Latvians.
• 🇵🇱 Poles
  • Also called the Lechs, Venedi, Irminones, Germans, & so-called the Sarmatians.
• 🇧🇾 Belorussians
  • Also called the Ruthenians, Venedi, Irminones, Germans, & so-called Sarmatians.
• 🇷🇺 Russians
  • Also called the Venedi, Irminones, Germans, & so-called the Sarmatians.
  • Includes the 🇺🇦 Ukrainians.
    • Also called the Malorussians.
• 🇸🇰 Slovaks
  • Also called the Venedi, Irminones, Germans, & so-called the Sarmatians.
  • Includes the 🇨🇿 Czechs.
    • Also called the Bohemians & Moravians.
• 🇧🇬 Bulgarians
  • Also called the Venedi, Irminones, Germans, & so-called the Sarmatians.
  • Includes the so-called 🇲🇰 North Macedonians.
• 🇷🇸 Serbians
  • Also called the Venedi, Irminones, Germans, & so-called the Sarmatians.
  • Includes the 🇲🇪 Montenegrins.
  • Includes the 🇧🇦 Bosnians.
  • Includes the 🇭🇷 Croatians.
• 🇸🇮 Slovenes
  • Also called the Carantanians, Venedi, Irminones, Germans, & so-called the Sarmatians.
• 🇷🇺 Ossetians
  • Also called the Alans, Sauromatians, & Sarmatians.
  • Included the Paphlogonians of 🇹🇷 Turkey.
• 🇬🇪 Georgians
  • Also called the Iberians (of Caucasus).
  • Absorbed the Colchians of 🇬🇪 Georgia.
    • Also called the Lazians.
  • Absorbed the Moësians of 🇬🇪 Georgia.
• 🇮🇪 Irish
  • Also called the Scots & Hiberians.
  • Some say are rather from Gamer.
  • Includes the Scots of 🇬🇧 Britian.
    • Also called the Gaels & Picts.
  • Includes the Manx of 🇬🇧 Britain.
  • Includes the Welsh of 🇬🇧 Britain.
    • Also called the Britons.
  • Included the Celts of 🇫🇷 France.
  • Included the Celtiberians of 🇪🇸 Spain.
  • Included the Gauls of 🇬🇷 Greece.
    • Also called the Galatians.
• 🇬🇷 Greeks
  • Also so-called the Romans, properly named the Macedonians.
  • Absorbed the Lydians of 🇹🇷 Turkey.
    • Included the Pamphylians of 🇹🇷 Turkey.
  • Absorbed the so-called Greeks of 🇹🇷 Turkey.
    • Properly named the Ionians.
  • Absorbed the Rhodians of 🇬🇷 Greece.
  • Includes the 🇨🇾 Cypriots.
• 🇮🇹 Italians
  • Also called the Venetians, Genœse, Romans, Latins, & Trojans.
  • Absorbed the Sicilians of 🇮🇹 Italy.
    • Also called the Sicels.
    • Included the Æolians of 🇬🇷 Greece.
    • Included the Phrygians of 🇬🇷 Greece.
  • Included the Thessalonians of 🇬🇷 Greece.
    • Also called the Greeks.
• 🇪🇸 Spaniards
  • Absorbed the Iberians of 🇪🇸 Spain.
    • Also called the Tyrrhenians.
    • Some say were rather from Thobel.
  • Includes the 🇨🇺 Cubans.
  • Includes the 🇲🇽 Mexicans.
  • Includes the 🇬🇹 Guatemalans.
  • Includes the 🇩🇴 Dominicans.
  • Includes the 🇵🇷 Puerto Ricans.
  • Includes the 🇸🇻 Salvadorans.
  • Includes the 🇭🇳 Hondurans.
  • Includes the 🇳🇮 Nicaraguans.
  • Includes the 🇨🇷 Costa Ricans.
  • Includes the 🇵🇦 Panamaniana.
  • Includes the 🇨🇴 Colombians.
  • Includes the 🇻🇪 Venezuelans.
  • Includes the 🇪🇨 Ecuadorians.
  • Includes the 🇵🇪 Peruvians.
  • Includes the 🇧🇴 Bolivians.
  • Includes the 🇨🇱 Chileans.
  • Includes the 🇵🇾 Paraguayans.
  • Includes the 🇺🇾 Uruguayans.
  • Includes the 🇦🇷 Argentinians.
• 🇵🇹 Portuguese
  • Includes the 🇧🇷 Brazilians.
  • Includes the 🇬🇼 Guineans.
  • Includes the 🇦🇴 Angolans.
  • Includes the 🇲🇿 Mozambicans.
  • Includes the 🇨🇻 Cape Verdeans.
  • Includes the 🇸🇹 Santomeans.
  • Includes the 🇹🇱 East Timorese.
• 🇦🇩 Andorrans
  • Also called the Valencians & Catalans.
• 🇫🇷 French
  • Includes the 🇱🇺 Luxembourgish.
  • Includes the 🇲🇨 Monacans.
  • Includes the Quebecois of 🇨🇦 Canada.
  • Includes the 🇸🇳 Senegalese.
  • Includes the 🇬🇳 Guineans.
  • Includes the 🇨🇮 Ivorians.
  • Includes the 🇹🇬 Togolese.
  • Includes the 🇧🇯 Beninese.
  • Includes the 🇬🇦 Gabonese.
  • Includes the 🇨🇩 Congolese.
• 🇷🇴 Romanians
  • Also called the Wallachians.
  • Absorbed the Dacians of 🇷🇴 Romania.
    • Also so-called the Goths, & properly named the Getans & Thracians.
    • Included the Tuscans of 🇮🇹 Italy.
      • Also called the Etruscans.
  • Includes the 🇲🇩 Moldovans.
• 🇦🇱 Albanians
  • Also called the Dalmatians & Illyrians.
  • Includes the so-called 🇽🇰 Kosovans.

Hebrews

The Hebrews were a nation from Abraham. They were named after their word for to cross, in reference to when Abraham crossed the Euphrates out of Chaldæa (Assyria) into Chanaan (Palestine). They were then divided into twelve tribes according to the children of Jacob, son of Isaac, son of Abraham.

The Hebrews were given over to annihilation by God (cf. Dan. 9:26) in 5579 AM under Emperor Titus. This prophecized event, unlike the Ægyptian servitude (cf. Gen. 15:13) or the Assyrian exile (cf. Esa. 39:6-7, Jer. 25:11-12), has no term given. Eusebius Pamphilius tells us of how they were destroyed:

Titus beseiged the Jews, devastated Jerusalem, & killed sixty thousand men. [Flavius] Joseph also says one million & one hundred thousands perished by famine & the sword, but another thirty thousands of the captives were sold off. He states the feast of Passover was responsible for the great number of people which happened to be at the city. During the festival, the whole nation had come together & were hemmed into the city as if they were in a prison. For it was neccesary that those who had plotted against the Savior during the days of Passover should suffer punishment for what they had dared at no other time but then.

Money

Silver coins were fist minted by Allyattes, king of Lydia. Gold coins were first minted by Cyrus, king of Persia, when he conquered Lydia.

References

Politics

• Constantine Porphyrogenitus. Book of Ceremonies.
• Aristotle. Politics.

Nations

• Chalcocondyles, Laonicus. Demonstrations of Histories.
• Zonaras, John. Epitome of Histories.
• Cedrenus, George. A Concise History of the World.
• Scylitzes, John. Synopsis of Histories.
• Attaliates, Michael – History.
• Psellus, Michael – Chronography.
• Constantine Porphyrogenitus. On the Administration of the Empire.
• Constantine Porphyrogenitus. Geography.
• Simocatta, Theophylact. Chronography.
• Paschal Chronicle.
• Theophanes the Confessor, St. Chronicle.
• Syncellus, George. Extracts of History.
• Malalas, John. Chronography.
• Hippolytus of Rome, St. Chronicle.
• Pamphilius, Eusebius. Chronicle.
• Isidore of Seville, St. Etymologies.
• Jerome, St. Chronicle.
• Joseph, Flavius. Antiquities of the Jews.
• Diodorus of Sicily. Bibliotheca Historica.
• Strabo. Geography.