Runic

Alphabet

Pronounciation

See the pronunciation chart on the previous page for how to read the English letters.

Whether ᚦ is þ or ð, and ᚠ, f or v, traditionally depends on whether they are at the beginning of a word, where they’re pronounced þ and f, or in the middle (or end sometimes) of a word, where they’re pronounced ð and v. Take, for example, leaf, where it ends with f, and leaves, previously spelled leafes, where the f is now said, and written, as v.