Runic

Alphabet

Pronounciation

See the pronunciation chart on the previous page for how to read the English letters.

Whether ᚦ is þ or ð, & ᚠ is f or v, traditionally depends on whether they are at the beginning of a word, where they’re pronounced þ & f, or in the middle (or end sometimes) of a word, where they’re pronounced ð & v. Take, for example, leaf, which ends with f, & leaves (previously spelled leafes) where the f is said—and written—as v.