Dialectic

Arthimetic, geometry, harmony, & astronomy.

Philosophy

Starting with being in the most generic sense, we may divide it positively into corporeal or negatively into incorporeal. That which is incorporeal then constitutes spirit, & that which is different as corporeal, body. We may then do the same with body into animate & inanimate, where the animate is life, & the inanimate, mineral. Again, with life, into sentient & insentient, which is animal & plant. Further again, animal into rational & irrational, i.e. man & beast.

Having differentiated from the most abstract—i.e. generic—to the most immanent—i.e. specific—we may no longer divide according to species, but enumeration, e.g. Peter, Paul, John &c.

/pix/study/porphyrian-tree.jpg
The Porphyrian Tree.

So we have then formed the image of a tree, with the most specific species as the roots, & the supreme genus as the tip.

Subjects

Speculative

Science Study of …
Natural Corporeal
Doctrinal Abstract
Divine Spiritual

Natural philosophy is also called physics. Doctrinal philosophy is also called mathematics.

Geology (study of minerals) & biology (study of life)—with its species zoology (study of animals) & botany (study of plants)—are species of natural philosophy. Metaphysics is the basic principles of all natural philosophy.

Arithmetic, geometry, harmony (so-called music), & astronomy are the four species of doctrinal philosophy. Further, mechanics & optics are species of geometry.

Practical

Science Order of …
Moral Individual
Œconomic Domestic
Civil National

Prædicamenta

Prædicament E.g.
Substance What is it being?
Quantity How much is it?
Relation To what is it?
Quality Like what is it?
Time When is it?
Place Where is it?
Position How is it doing?
Habit How is it being?
Activity What is it doing?
Passion What is done to it?

Quanta

Discrete

Quantum E.g.
Number j., ij., iij., &c.
Speech a, b, c, d, &c.

Continuous

Quantum E.g.
Time Minute, hour, &c.
Space Between surfaces.
Line …of points.
Surface …of lines.
Solid …of surfaces.

Qualities

Quality I.e.
Habit Uneasily changeable activity.
Disposition Easily changeable activity.
Potency Having that power.
Impotency Not having that power.
Affection Lightly acted upon.
Passivity Firmly acted upon.
Shape …of inanimate & animate bodies.
Form …of only animate bodies.

Causes

Cause E.g.
Matter What is it made of?
Form What is it made after?
Efficient What is it made by?
Perfect What it made for?

In the example of a table:

Unions

Union E.g
Substantial …of hypostases.
Hypostatic …of soul & body.
Stationary …of judgements by will.
Welding …of brass & lead.
Joining …of stones & wood.
Mingling …of wine & water.
Mixture …of wheatmeal & water.
Fusion …of wax & pitch.
Heaping …of wheat & barley.
Coalescence …of a brand & fire.

Motions

Substantial Quantitative Qualitative Place
Generation Increase Alteration Circular
Destruction Decrease Direct

Grammar

Consonants

Semivowels

Double Unchangeable
z l
x m
– n
r
s

The letters m & n are commonly called nasal.

Mutes

Smooth Medial Rough
b p v f
c k q g h
d t – –

The letters b, p, v, & f are commonly called labial, c, k, q, g, & h, velar, but d & t (including ð & þ), dental.

Vowels

Long Short Doubtful Diphthong
– e a æ
– o i au
u y ei
eu
œ
ou

Classes

Class E.g
Common Noun man, horse
Proper Noun Peter, Paul
Verb strike
Participle trusting
Article the
Pronoun he
Preposition in, at, from
Adverb here, wastely
Conjunction and, but, or, so

Pronouns

Gender Number Person Nominative Genitive Dative Accusative
——— Sn. j. I my, mine to me me
——— ij. thou thy, thine to thee thee
Masc. iij. he his to him him
Fem. she hers to her her
Neut. it, that its to it it
——— Pl. j. we our to us us
——— ij. you your to ye ye
——— iij. those, they their to them them
——— which, who whose to whom whom

Cases

Case E.g.
Nominative he is working
Generic his hands
Dative speaking to him
Accusative hearing him
Vocative then, Peter

Although all of these are examples of the third person male singular pronoun, the last needs must, for English, be a proper noun.

The vocative was assumed into the nominative & accusitive.

Punctuation

Latin Greek Meaning
. . Pause.
; · Pause or breath.
: : Pause or breath.
, ⸒ Breath.
' ’ Abbreviate letter.
- ‿ Read as single word.
? ; Read as question.
! ! Read with excitement.

Arithmetic

The numbers twelve & twenty are also called a dozen & a score, e.g. twenty-four is two-dozen, & sixty is three-score.

Finger-Counting

/pix/study/assyrian-finger-counting.jpg

The ancients counted in sexagesimal, meaning around sixty. Place the thumb against the first part of the farthest finger to count one, then move the thumb down to the second part for two, & the third part for three. Do this for each finger from left to right to count to twelve. Then fold a finger on the other hand for each twelve, so when all are folded, sixty is counted.

Education

Arts

The lower arts were also called the liberal arts, because every free citizen was expected to know them, or at least the trivium.

Rhetoric

Canon E.g.
Invention Discovering an argument.
Disposition Arranging an argument.
Elocution Presenting an argument.
Memory Remembering an argument.
Pronunciation Delivering an argument.

Pronunciation is sometimes called action.

University

The university—like modern law & most civil institutions—originates from Constantinople, where it was called the pandidacterium.

It had chairs for:

It was established in opposition to & supplanting of the gentile academy. Private tutors were previously & still after widely used.

References

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Philosophy · Grammar · Education